Characterization of Power-to-Phase Conversion in High-Speed P-I-N Photodiodes

Fluctuations of the optical power incident on a photodiode can be converted into phase fluctuations of the resulting electronic signal due to nonlinear saturation in the semiconductor. This impacts overall timing stability (phase noise) of microwave signals generated from a photodetected optical pulse train. In this paper, we describe and utilize techniques to characterize this conversion of amplitude noise to phase noise for several high-speed (>10 GHz) InGaAs P-I-N photodiodes operated at 900 nm. We focus on the impact of this effect on the photonic generation of low phase noise 10 GHz microwave signals and show that a combination of low laser amplitude noise, appropriate photodiode design, and optimum average photocurrent is required to achieve phase noise at or below -100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset a 10 GHz carrier. In some photodiodes we find specific photocurrents where the power-to-phase conversion factor is observed to go to zero

Probing new physics with long-range neutrino interactions: an effective field theory approach

We investigate forces induced by the exchange of two light neutrinos be- tween Standard Model (SM) fermions in the presence of effective operators parametrising physics beyond the SM. We first set up a general framework in which we derive the long-range potential mediated by weakly interacting neutrinos in the SM, retaining both spin-independent and spin-dependent terms. We then derive neutrino-mediated potentials when there are vector, scalar and tensor non-standard interactions present as well as an exotic neutrino magnetic moment. Examining the phenomenology of such long-range potentials in atomic scale laboratory experiments, we derive upper bounds on the Wilson coefficients of the effective operators and compare these to those from processes such as charged lepton flavour violation

A CASE REPORT ON BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA WITH HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by proliferation of the cellular elements of the prostate. The complications faced by elderly people need to be minimized and most of elderly don not prefer a surgical approach. Therefore, treatment of BPH with medicines is prioritized by elderly people. The present case report adds a little to the field that how to treat BPH cases in elderly without surgical approach but with homeopathic formulations. Case report presented here is diagnosed case of BPH having grade III prostatomegaly on USG. Patient presented with increased frequency of urination in feeble stream and sudden urging occasionally. Patient was treated with homoeopathic medication and assessed using Ultrasonography, International Prostate Symptom Score, and Uroflowmetry with significant improvement. Hence, it is suggestive that homoeopathic treatment could be effective in the management of cases of BPH in elderly people. Keywords: Homoeopathy, BPH, Uroflowmetry, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Constitutional medicine, Organopathic medicine, Sabal serrulat

Transition neutrino magnetic moments in CEνNS

Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CEνNS) is a novel technique to look for new physics beyond the Standard Model. We study the prospects of probing a transition magnetic moment in CEνNS experiments. Showing the NUCLEUS experiment as an example, we demonstrate that properties of a potential sterile neutrino can be deduced

Sub-femtosecond absolute timing precision with a 10 GHz hybrid photonic-microwave oscillator

We present an optical-electronic approach to generating microwave signals with high spectral purity. By circumventing shot noise and operating near fundamental thermal limits, we demonstrate 10 GHz signals with an absolute timing jitter for a single hybrid oscillator of 420 attoseconds (1Hz - 5 GHz)

Distinguishing Dirac vs Majorana Neutrinos at CEνNS experiments

A transition magnetic moment between active and sterile neutrinos can induce the Primakoff upscattering process at the coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering experiments, leading to very stringent limits on the transition dipole coupling as a function of the sterile neutrino mass. Here we discuss how a novel radiative upscattering mode with an additional photon emitted in the final state can lead to exploration of new parameter space in the transition dipole coupling vs. sterile neutrino mass plane and provide distinguishable differential distributions for a Dirac vs Majorana sterile state mediating such a mode